1)检查操作系统的版本
#此方式下安装kubernetes集群要求Centos版本要在7.5或之上
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
2)主机名解析
为了方便后面集群节点间的直接调用，在这配置一下主机名解析, 企业中推荐使用内部DNS服务器
#主机名成解析编辑三台服务器的/etc/hosts文件，添加下面内容
10.0.0.101 master
10.0.0.102 node1
10.0.0.103 node2
3)时间同步
kubernetes要求集群中的节点时间必须精确一致, 这里直接使用chronyd服务从网络同步时间。
企业中建议配置内部的时间同步服务器
#启动chronyd服务
[root@master ~]# yum install -y chrony
[root@master ~]# systemctl start chronyd
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
4)禁用iptables和firewalld服务
kubernetes和docker在运行中会产生大量的iptEbles规则，为了不让系统规则跟它们混淆，直接关闭系统的规则
# 1关闭firewalld服务
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
# 2关闭iptables服务
[root@master ~]# systemctl disabled iptables
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable iptables
5)关键selinux
selinux是linux系统下的一个安全服务，如果不关闭它，在安装集群中会产生各种各样的奇葩问题
#编辑/etc/selinux/config 文件，修改SELINUX的值为disabled
#注意修改完毕之后需要重启 linux服务
SELINUX=disabled
6)禁用swap分区
swap分区指的是虚拟内存分区，它的作用是在物理内存使用完之后，将磁盘空间虚拟成内存来使用
启用swap设备会对系统的性能产生非常负面的影响，因此kubernetes要求每个节点都要禁用swap设备
但是如果因为某些原因确实不能关闭swap分区，就需要在集群安装过程中通过明确的参数进行配置说明
#编辑分区配置文件/etc/fstab,注释掉swap分区一行
#注意修改完毕之后需要重启linux服务
UUID=200ceb97-d909-477b-8a02-049bb705fca2 / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=bc4aedcf-928e-4b06-b10c-3373948e6022 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
#UUID=11886197-44bf-41e4-823b-739c1a0cd912 swap swap defaults 0 0
7)修改Linux内核参数
#修改linux的内核参数，添加网桥过滤和地址转发功能
#编辑/etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf文件，添加如下配置:
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
#重新加载配置
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p
#加载网桥过滤模块
[root@master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
#查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功
[root@master ~]# lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter 22256 0
bridge 151336 1 br_netfilter
8)配置ipvs功能
在kubernetes中service有两种代理模型，-种是基于iptables的, - -种是基于ipvs的
两者比较的话，ipvs的性能明显要高一些,但是如果要使用它，需要手动载入ipvs模块
# 1安装ipset和ipvsadm
[root@master ~]# yum install ipset ipvsadmin -y
# 2添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件
[ root@master ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
# 3为脚本文件添加执行权限
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
# 4执行脚本文件
[root@master ~]# sh +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
# 5查看对应的模块是否加载成功
[root@master ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
nf_conntrack_ipv4 15053 0
nf_defrag_ipv4 12729 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4
ip_vs_sh 12688 0
ip_vs_wrr 12697 0
ip_vs_rr 12600 0
ip_vs 145497 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack 133095 2 ip_vs,nf_conntrack_ipv4
libcrc32c 12644 3 xfs,ip_vs,nf_conntrack
9)重启Linux系统
[root@master ~]# reboot
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##以上操作三台服务器都执行
2.2.3 安装docker
# 1切换镜像源
[root@master ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# 2查看当前镜像源中支持的docker版本
[root@master ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
# 3安装特定版本的docker-ce
#必须指定--setopt=obsoletes=0,否则yum会自动安装更高版本
[root@master ~]# yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7 -y
# 4添加一个配置文件
# Docker在默认情况下使用的Cgroup Driver为cgroupfs, 而kubernetes推荐 使用sys temd来代替cgroupfs
[root@master ~]# mkdir /etc/docker
[ root@master ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd" ],
"registry-mirrors": [ "https://kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
# 5启动docker
[root@master ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable docker
# 6检查docker状态和版本
[root@master ~]# docker --version
Docker version 18.06.3-ce, build d7080c1
2.2.4 安装kubernetes组件
#由于kubernetes的镜像源在国外，速度比较慢，这里切换成国内的镜像源
#编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo,添加下面的配置
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
#安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl
[root@master ~]# yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.17.4-0 kubelet-1.17.4-0 kubectl-1.17.4-0 -y
#配置kubelet的cgroup
#编辑/etc/sysconfig/kubelet,添加下面的配置
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"
# 4设置kubelet开机自启
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
2.2.5 准备集群镜像
#在安装kuberneteo集群之前，必须要提前准备好集群需要的镜像，所需镜像可以通过下面命令查看
[ root@master ~]# kubeadm config images list
#下载镜像
#此镜像在kubernetes的仓库中,由于网络原因,无法连接，下面提供了-种替代方案
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.17.4
kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4
kube-scheduler:v1.17.4
kube-proxy:v1.17.4
pause:3.1
etcd:3.4.3-0
coredns:1.6.5
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName k8s.gcr.io/$imageName
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
done
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2.2.6 集群初始化
下面开始对集群进行初始化，并将node节点加入到集群中
下面的操作只需要在master节点上执行即可
#创建集群
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init \
--kubernetes-version=v1.17.4 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.101
#创建必要文件
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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#这里我们就将node节点加进来了，但有个问题，不是Ready状态，是因为没有安装网络插件
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master NotReady master 12m v1.17.4
node1 NotReady <none> 36s v1.17.4
node2 NotReady <none> 3s v1.17.4
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2.2.7 网络插件的安装
kubernetes支持多种网络插件，比如flannel、 calico、 canal等等， 任选一种使用即可， 本次选择flannel
下面操作依旧只在master节点执行即可，插件使用的是DaemonSet的控制器，它会在每个节点上都运行
#获取fanne1的配置文件
[root@master ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
#修改文件中quay.io仓库为quay-mirror.qiniu.com
[root@master ~]# sed -i 's#quay.io#quay-mirror.qiniu.com#g' kube-flannel.yml
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[root@master ~]# vi kube-flannel.yml
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
#所有主机尽量都pull一下也是可以的（先执行这个，三台机器都要有这个镜像）
[root@master ~]# docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
#部署集群网络
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
###此处如果执行完，集群还是处于NotReady状态，请参考下面文章
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46152207/article/details/106664038
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